Mac OS X Keyboard Shortcuts

Startup
Keystroke	Description
Press X during startup	Force Mac OS X startup
Press Option-Command-Shift-Delete during startup	Bypass primary startup volume and seek a different startup volume (such as a CD or external disk)
Press C during startup	Start up from a CD that has a system folder
Press N during startup	Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot)
Press T during startup	Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode
Press Shift during startup	start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items and non-essential kernel extension files (Mac OS X 10.2 and later)
Press Command-V during startup	Start up in Verbose mode.
Press Command-S during startup	Start up in Single-User mode

Finder window
Keyboard shortcut	Description
Command-W	Close Window
Option-Command-W	Close all Windows
Command-Right Arrow	Expand folder (list view)
Option-Command-Right Arrow	Expand folder and nested subfolders (list view)
Command-Left Arrow	Collapse Folder (list view)
Option-Command-Up Arrow	Open parent folder and close current window

Menu commands
Keyboard shortcut	Description
Shift-Command-Q	Apple Menu      Log out
Shift-Option-Command-Q	Apple Menu      Log out immediately
Shift-Command-Delete	Finder Menu      Empty Trash
Option-Shift-Command-Delete	Finder Menu      Empty Trash without dialog
Command-H	Finder Menu      Hide Finder
Option-Command-H	Finder Menu      Hide Others
Command-N	File Menu      New Finder window
Shift-Command-N	File Menu      New Folder
Command-O	File Menu      Open
Command-S	File Menu      Save
Shift-Command-S	File Menu      Save as
Command-P	File Menu      Print
Command-W	File Menu      Close Window
Option-Command-W	File Menu      Close all Windows
Command-I	File Menu      Get Info
Option-Command-I	File Menu      Show Attributes Inspector
Command-D	File Menu      Duplicate
Command-L	File Menu      Make Alias
Command-R	File Menu      Show original
Command-T	File Menu      Add to Favorites (Mac OS X 10.2.8 or earlier), Add to Sidebar (Mac OS X 10.3 or later—use Shift-Command-T for Add to Favorites)
Command-Delete	File Menu      Move to Trash
Command-E	File Menu      Eject
Command-F	File Menu      Find
Command-Z	Edit Menu      Undo
Command-X	Edit Menu      Cut
Command-C	Edit Menu      Copy
Command-V	Edit Menu      Paste
Command-A	Edit Menu      Select All
Command-1	View Menu      View as Icons
Command-2	View Menu      View as List
Command-3	View Menu      View as Columns
Command-B	View Menu      Hide Toolbar
Command-J	View Menu      Show View Options
Command - [	Go Menu      Back
Command - ]	Go Menu      Forward
Shift-Command-C	Go Menu      Computer
Shift-Command-H	Go Menu      Home
Shift-Command-I	Go Menu      iDisk
Shift-Command-A	Go Menu      Applications
Shift-Command-F	Go Menu      Favorites
Shift-Command-G	Go Menu      Goto Folder
Command-K	Go Menu      Connect to Server
Command-M	Window Menu      Minimize Window
Option-Command-M	Window Menu      Minimize All Windows
Command-?	Help Menu      Open Mac Help
Command-Space	Open Spotlight (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)

Universal Access and VoiceOver
Keyboard shortcut	Description
Option-Command-* (asterisk)	Turn on Zoom
Option-Command-+ (plus)	Zoom in
Option-Command-- (minus)	Zoom out
Control-Option-Command-* (asterisk)	Switch to White on Black
Control-F1	Turn on Full Keyboard Access When Full Keyboard Access is turned on, you can use the key combinations listed in the table below from the Finder.
Control-F2	Full Keyboard Access      Highlight Menu
Control-F3	Full Keyboard Access      Highlight Dock
Control-F4	Full Keyboard Access      Highlight Window (active) or next window behind it
Control-F5	Full Keyboard Access      Highlight Toolbar
Control-F6	Full Keyboard Access      Highlight Utility window (palette)
Command-F5 or fn-Command-F5	Turn VoiceOver on or off (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-F8 or fn-Control-Option-F8	Open VoiceOver Utility (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-F7 or fn-Control-option-F7	Display VoiceOver menu (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-; or fn-Control-option-;	Enable/disable VoiceOver Control-Option lock (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)

The Universal Access preference pane allows you to turn on Mouse Keys. When Mouse Keys is on, you can use the numeric keypad to move the mouse. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, use the Fn (function) key.

Mouse Keys
Keystroke	Description
8	Move Up
2	Move Down
4	Move Left
6	Move Right
1, 3, 7, and 9	Move Diagonally
5	Press Mouse Button
0	Hold Mouse Button
. (period on keypad)	Release Mouse Button (use after pressing 0)

Other Commands
Keystroke	Description
Option-Command-D	Show/Hide Dock
Command-Tab	Switch application
tab	Highlight next item
Command-Up Arrow	Move up one directory
Command-Down Arrow	Move down one directory
Page Up or Control-Up Arrow	Move up one page
Page Down or Control-Down Arrow	Move down one page
Option-Drag	Copy to new location
Option-Command-Drag	Make alias in new location
Command-Drag	Move to new location without copying
Shift-Command-C	Show Colors palette in application
Command-T	Show Font palette in application
Command-Shift-3	Take a picture of the screen
Command-Shift-4	Take a picture of the selection
Command-Shift-4, then press Control while selecting	Take a picture of the screen, place in Clipboard
Command-Shift-4, then Spacebar	Take a picture of the selected window
Option-Command-esc	Force Quit
Control-Eject	Restart, Sleep, Shutdown dialog box
Control-Command-Eject	Quit all applications and restart
Option-Command-Ejector Option-Command-Power	Sleep
Command-click window toolbar button (upper right corner)	Cycle through available views for the window's toolbar (dependant on the nature of the Finder or application window)
Command-`	Cycle through windows in application or Finder (if more than one window is open)
Function-Delete (PowerBook, iBook only)	Forward Delete (delete the character to the right of your cursor)

楓之谷 賊1~120等完全攻略

1～10等
這個時候就打打蝸牛解解新手任務一下子就10等囉～！
＊雖然現在可以全點力量了可是還是先點敏到25比較保險

10等～15等
1.就去（北方工地頂端）打三眼章魚和藍菇菇
這裡可以練到23等 如果有耐心的 可以打到25等
＊路線：（墮落城市→墮落城市路口→墮落城市北方工地→盜賊2轉教官下的變電箱按上進入）
2.或者如果你資金夠
可以去洗經驗物
約150組可以升到23等左右
（這是有錢才會使用的方法＝ ＝）

3.可以去魔法森林南部訓練場I打綠水靈（推薦）
人又不多，而且還有卡點
所以小弟也瞞推薦來這裡練攻

4.可以去肥肥海岸練（推薦）
有耐心的話可以練到20等
肥肥海岸非常適合白手起家的人來練
不過要小心鋼之肥肥
15～20等
1.這個時候可以去地鐵打藍水靈練攻

2.也可以去找蝙蝠練

3.17等時就可以去打惡魔水靈（強力推薦）
惡水靈可以打到40等 所以小弟非常推薦惡水靈這練
不過惡水靈這 人多 白目多
如果有耐心的話 來這裡練就算白木在多 因該也不會怎樣吧＠＠

20～30等
1.這個時候可以去打黑肥肥了
黑肥肥可以打到30等去2轉
＊路線：（勇士之村→勇士之村東入口→由門口進入就到黑肥肥的領土了）

2.可以去打沙漠毒蠍，沙漠毒蠍會掉30等的子彈 可以賣不少錢

3.21等時可以去解超級綠水靈的組隊任務
超綠的組隊任務會有些值錢的卷
賣一張都可以賣到100w↑
＊（超級綠水靈的組隊任務是21～30等才能解喔）
----------恭喜各位2轉囉----------
30～35等
1.這個時候就去（隱藏村落）練（推薦）＊路線：（水之都→東海岔道→海藻塔→淺水艇門口按上進入）
這張地圖比較適合鏢賊和槍手練
這裡可以練到40等PS：水之都是水世界～
2.或是去赫爾奧斯塔99樓打楓葉發條鼠（推薦）
因為99樓的發條鼠是赫爾奧斯塔最多的
卡點多，怪又多 所以小弟推薦來這練
3.或者可以考慮去解擂台
不過剛升到30等 不太會有人組你 所以就自己當隊長組人
小弟比較建議用（洗的）＊（擂台是30～50等才能解喔）
35～50等
1.這個時候可以去雲彩公園II（強力推薦）到處都有卡點
所以很好練
又可以打經驗物 真是一舉兩得阿～
告訴各為這裡的蝴蝶精只會使用暈眩所以不用太緊張

2.或者可以解101組隊任務
既可以升等 也可以拿寶
是個賺錢跟升級兼顧的地方 XD＊（101組隊任務是35～50等才能解喔）
如果不想解組隊任務或是解到膩的話40等↑可以到
1.危險峽谷或東方岩山7
來這裡主要是要打土龍
土龍會掉龍皮
不管是賣掉或做拳套都是很好的選擇

2.愛奧斯塔41F
這裡主要是打機器章魚 
由於愛奧斯塔26F~40F的地方有個糖果機可以買水.補標
所以比較建議來此練

3.去天空之城的紅光公園 I或藍光公園I
紅幼獨角獅會掉拳套攻擊捲60％
不管是自己用還是賣掉 都可以
藍幼獨角獅會掉長杖魔力卷60％

4.猴子森林1和2或猴子沼澤1和2或猴子迷宮1和2
建議兩發雙飛可以秒天使猴的時候在來(或是兩下雙飛補個1鏢)這裡跟僧侶練 會比單練還來個快速
一來可以補的到天使猴二來可以省下不少水錢

5.去研究所B-3區打鋼鐵穆太
鋼鐵穆太會掉一個道具（鋼鐵碎片）
鋼鐵碎片是＝其他＝道具
一個賣藥水商店可以賣40元 1組（200個）可以賣8000元
對白手玩家是很好賺的地方
＊鋼鐵穆太HP：2400 EXP：102
6.去時間之路4或遺失的時間1打進化妖魔
進化妖魔會掉鑽盾也會掉手套攻擊捲60％
所以算是練攻打寶的好地方
7.去夜市徒步區4.6
如果有組隊（2人↑）去徒步區4打
因為徒步區4的地形比較特殊
清完右上方的的珍珠奶茶，左下方才會有娃娃機
清完左上方的珍珠奶茶，右下方才會有娃娃機
所以建議組隊來練
如果是單練可以在徒步區6打

8.去巫婆森林1
裡面有天使猴和巫婆和殭屍猴王這3種怪
殭屍猴王會掉拳套攻擊卷60％可以自己用或賣掉
＊雖然殭屍猴王的名子有殭屍，不過僧侶卻不能補他

9.去危險的洞穴打獨眼蝙蝠水世界危險洞穴裡的獨眼蝙蝠呢
這裡根本是為了鏢賊設的特好練功點
很好練人又很少也可以打經驗物，真是一舉數得！＊路線：（水世界→東海岔道→危險海峽1→危險海峽2→受難船墓地由魚骨頭標誌的洞穴進去）
10.可以去地鐵二號線(03)打大幽靈
大幽靈會掉紅色鞭子
紅色鞭子會加移動速度
鍊金術師的任務也會需要
11.可以去打電擊象
再打電擊象時可以同時接取一個任務（蘇白尼的遺物－侵入）
因為電擊項會掉手套攻擊卷60％所以才來打電擊象
由於任務需要的翻譯水晶非常難打，小弟就打了5小時才打完
因為電擊象分布的很散，所以必須要有耐心的人才來打
12.練到45等時去擂台練
一定會有很多人組你
因為40等以上鏢賊的強開始慢慢出現了

50～60等
1.去野熊的領土I 打功夫熊（推薦）
2.或 可以去危險峽谷2打赤龍
赤龍會掉雷鏢和龍皮
所以赤龍是個很好練也很賺錢的怪物
請使用跳射 來躲避赤龍的火球
3.可以去雲彩公園V打月光精靈和日光精靈（強力推薦）來這裡的人少，卡點又多，所以適合遠攻的職業

4.可以去濃霧森林打書靈（推薦）由於書靈的移動速度慢
數量多
地圖又小
所以小弟建議來這裡時可以組個劍士或冰雷

5.可以去仙桃果園3打潘猴和梅花鹿（推薦）這裡的卡點很多，所以適合鏢賊來練
再加上仙桃果園3的潘猴的數量是最多的一張圖
所以建議跟劍士或冰雷來打
梅花鹿也會掉手套攻擊捲60％
6.去鋼之肥肥公園3打鋼之肥肥和蘑菇王練
大家都已經50等了
對付蘑菇王就跟打紅寶王一樣簡單
因為蘑菇王會掉手套攻擊捲60％，套服敏捷捲60％，鞋子速度捲60％和日之鏢
所以是很好賺的一隻BOSS
但因為蘑菇王出現的時間是40～60分鐘
所以在等的過程中
可以打鋼之肥肥順便練攻
7.55等以上時 可以去神秘小徑3打幽靈船夫和幽靈清潔工（強力推薦）
應為這神秘小徑3的怪很會暴走
所以跟槍騎和僧侶一起練會比較好
應為槍騎聖火點滿HP增加60％
僧侶又可以補到幽靈船夫和幽靈清潔工
對血少的鏢賊來說 是最好的保護

8.55等時 也可以去研究所C-2區打洛伊德和奈歐洛伊德（推薦）

9.或者 可以去打摩登101打冷艷香水

10. 51等的時候可以去解熱門的組隊任務（女神）
有分為 洗雲唱 和 王團
＊（女神組隊任務是51～70等才能解喔）
60～70等
1.這個時候就可以去打小音響了喔（推薦）
由於來摩登101練攻的人很多
所以盡量早上或晚上來摩登101或者組隊練會比較好喔！

2.或是轉到藍光庭園Ⅱ打藍獨角獅

3.或是可以繼續打冷艷香水練攻

4.這個時候 相信大家已經迷上了這個組隊任務（女神）了
不只好練 如果拿到好捲 錢幾乎都是用飆的（沒那麼誇張＝＝）
這個時候建議打王團
---------------恭喜各位3轉囉---------------
70～80等
1.這時可以繼續打小音響

2.或者可以轉到大音響區

3.或是去打CD練
應為CD區的人特別多
所以比較建議組隊或是分圖會比較好喔

4.或是去貓王區練
由於這裡會有機率出現貓王
所以來這練的人會比較少
可是也要小心貓王喔
＊貓王會全畫面攻擊，所以躲不掉的

5.75等時可以考慮去打古惑女
古惑女會掉青龍偃月刀
可以賣掉或自己留著
由於古惑女的數量很多
所以盡量用風魔手里劍

6.75等如果不想打古惑女的話可以去扭曲的時間之路2
打貝爾芬和特貝爾芬
這2隻怪都會掉70等和80等的盜賊武器，鞋子和手套
而且2隻怪的攻擊是地震攻擊 只要跳躍就可以閃避
（ 異型雙碟 HP：8500 EXP：800
    搞怪CD HP：7900 EXP：700
    魔幻音響（簡稱小音響）HP：7700 EXP：600
    魔幻電音（簡稱大音響）HP：8000 EXP：750
    古惑女 HP：15100 EXP：465
    貝爾芬HP：16000 EXP：340
    特貝爾芬HP：19000 EXP：380）
80～90等
這時候可以繼續打大音響和CD區
↑＝↓
或者繼續打古惑女 因為打古惑女的人少 所以這裡可以練到85等
1.或可以去打鬼兔妮（推薦）鬼兔妮會掉60％拳套攻擊卷
和60％短杖魔力卷
和所有職業的70等裝備和武器（海盜的70等裝和武器都不會掉）

2.85等後可以去打寒冰半人馬
由於寒冰半人馬會掉90等龍騎士的武器（佛羅利刃）而且寒冰半人馬怕火
所以比較適合跟火毒魔導士和有點烈焰之劍（棍）的騎士練攻喔！

3.85等也可以打暗黑半人馬
由於暗黑半人馬會掉90等鏢賊武器（卡帝斯拳套）
而且暗黑半人馬可以補的到
所以比較適合跟祭師和龍騎士來練攻喔！

4.可以去山羊峽谷打邪惡綿羊和惡魔綿羊
邪惡綿羊會掉拳套攻擊捲60％和長杖魔力捲60％
也會掉法師88等的杖（鬼權杖）
惡魔綿羊會掉日之鏢和鏢賊80等的武器（龍之拳）這2隻都可以冰起來
所以建議跟冰雷魔導士和有點寒冰之劍（棍）的騎士來練喔！

5.可以去打機械蜘蛛
但由於機械蜘蛛都會聚集在一起
所以比較建議跟龍騎士和祭師一起來練
機械蜘蛛也會掉日之鏢和拳套攻擊捲10％和槍攻擊捲30％
再打機械蜘蛛的同時也可以接（都會叢林）和（都會叢林後續）這2個任務（寒冰半人馬HP：37000 EXP：1600
   暗黑半人馬HP；37000 EXP：1600
   鬼兔妮HP：8500 EXP：770   邪惡綿羊HP：32000 EXP：1420
   惡魔綿羊HP：37000 EXP：1620
   機械蜘蛛HP：28000 EXP：1200）90～100等
1.去扭曲的時間之路4打維京
維京會掉日之鏢
也會掉盜賊四轉技能書（忍隱順殺２０）
所以是非常好賺的怪物之一

2.可以去深海峽谷1或2打刺鰭魚之屋
打爆後會出現刺鰭魚
刺鰭魚會掉60％手套攻擊捲 也會掉召喚石
所以這裡適合鏢賊來練

3.也可以去毀壞的時間打怨靈發條熊隊長
那裡有卡點，只是卡點不會很多
怨靈發條熊隊長會掉槍攻擊捲60％
小弟建議跟祭師去練

4.可以去赤翼龍巢穴打赤翼龍
赤翼龍會掉60％鞋子敏捷捲和60％套幅幸運捲
所以可以一邊練攻一邊打寶

5.或是去打進化迅猛龍和迅猛龍
進化迅猛龍會掉鏢賊的技能書（無影鏢）
和冰雷的技能書（召喚火炎神）
還有60％拳套攻擊捲
還有60％長杖魔力捲
所以這是一隻掉的寶超好的怪物
迅猛龍會掉弓箭手90等武器(梅杜斯)
6.可以去烏魯城打史萊奇
史萊奇的HP比同等級的迅猛龍低
經驗直卻跟97等的赤翼龍一樣高
所以是很好練的怪物
（維京HP：50000 EXP：2100
   刺鰭魚HP：17000 EXP：1400
   赤翼龍HP：53000 EXP：2500
   進化迅猛龍HP：55000 EXP：2500
   怨靈發條熊隊長HP：40000 EXP：1770
   史萊奇HP：49000 EXP：2500
   迅猛龍HP：50000 EXP：2280）
100～120等
1.可以去烏魯城打蒙特雷瑟
蒙特雷瑟的等級跟幼年龍一樣
HP卻比幼年龍低，經驗直卻比幼年龍高
而且速度慢，適合標賊去練

2.或者轉到雪女區打雪女
這時候跟祭師和龍騎士會比較好練
應為雪女的經驗直比進化迅猛龍和赤翼龍還要高
所以雪女算是衝到120等的好夥伴

3.或可以去打藍翼龍和黑翼龍
藍翼龍會掉法師98等鬼頭杖和劍士90等鐳奧釘錘
黑翼龍會掉盜賊的技能書（順身迴避20）
盜賊的技能書（飛毒殺20）
法師的技能書（魔法反射20）
英雄的技能書（無雙劍舞20）
和槍攻擊卷60％

4.去打短刃龍戰士和雙刀龍戰士
雙刀龍戰士會掉弩弓手的技能書（召喚銀準）
弓箭手的技能書（弓術精通20）
火毒的技能書（炎靈地獄20）
法師的技能書（魔力無限20）
法師的技能書（核爆術20）
聖騎士的技能書（騎士衝擊波30）
劍士的技能書（究極突刺20）
小弟比較建議去神秘森林因為神秘森林算是一個隱藏地圖
有很多人不知道在哪，所以會比較少人
如果自己也不知道在哪的話就到火焰森林

5.105等時可以去受難船的墓地打鯊魚和尖鼻鯊魚
鯊魚會掉故障的手電筒
和破損的記事本
和老舊的書
還有槍手的技能書（瞬。迅雷30）
尖鼻鯊魚會掉披風幸運捲60％
和弓箭手的技能書（會心之眼20）
冰雷的技能書（寒冰地獄20）
打手的技能書（閃。爆破20）

6.只要HP高於4000就可以打幼年龍，幼龍保護者，化石龍，化石龍長老
幼年龍會掉刀賊的技能書（致命暗殺20）
弓箭手的技能書(共通) （龍魂之箭20）
冰雷的技能書（召喚火炎神20）
英雄的技能書（鬥氣爆發20）
幼年龍保護者會掉盜賊的技能書(共通) （挑釁20）
弩箭手的技能書（弩術精通20）
火毒的技能書（召喚冰魔神20）
英雄的技能書（進階鬥氣20）
劍士的技能書(共通) （絕對引力20）
和長杖魔力60％，披風幸運捲60％
化石龍會掉刀賊的技能書（順步連擊20）
箭神的技能書（牽制射擊20）
箭神的技能書（召喚火鳳凰20）
主教的技能書（天使之箭20）
聖騎士的技能書（騎士衝擊波20）
英雄的技能書（進階鬥氣30）
和手套攻擊捲10％
化石龍長老會掉鏢賊的技能書（忍術風影20）
弩箭手的技能書（光速神弩20）
箭神的技能書（牽制射擊20）
箭神的技能書（召喚火鳳凰20）
主教的技能書（天使之箭20）
主教的技能書（聖盾護鎧20）
聖騎士的技能書（騎士衝擊波20）
英雄的技能書（進階鬥氣30）
劍士的技能書(共通) （武神防禦20）
不過還是建議跟龍騎士和祭師在一起會比較安全
這裡是衝到（200等）的好地方
7.只要HP高於3000↑就可以去烏魯城打杜庫
杜庫的移動速度慢，適合鏢賊去練
杜庫會掉槍手的技能書（瞬．冰火連擊30）
＊（杜庫會使用暈眩）
（雪女HP：68000 EXP：3200
   幼年龍HP：68000 EXP：3800
   幼龍保護者HP：80000 EXP：4250
   化石龍HP：80000 EXP：4500
   化石龍長老HP：85000 EXP：4750
   藍翼龍HP：57000 EXP：3050
   黑翼龍HP：60000 EXP：3150
   短刃龍戰士HP：56000 EXP：3000
   雙刀龍戰士HP：67000 EXP：3700
   鯊魚HP：56000 EXP：3000
   尖鼻鯊魚HP：58500 EXP：3100
   杜庫HP：90000 EXP：5000
   蒙特雷瑟HP；62000 EXP；3850）
---------------------------～技能配點～--------------------------
一轉：幻化術3→鷹之眼8→雙飛展20→詛咒術3→隱身術10→幻化術20

二轉：精準暗器5→強力30→極速暗器20→精準暗器20→速度激發20→恢復術3→吸血術28

三轉：風魔手裡劍1→影分身30→風魔手裡劍5→二段跳8→風魔手裡劍30→二段跳20→幸運術20→藥劑精通20→影網術20→楓幣攻擊1→隱身術20

四轉：飛毒殺1→無形鏢1→三飛閃30(如果沒有三飛閃的話就不要點)
→瞬身迴避30(沒有30技能書就點10)→之後就自行點了
一轉技能點數有：61點

二轉技能點數有：121點

三轉技能點數有：151點
-----------------------～能力配點～-------------------------
10等以前敏捷加到25.其餘都點幸運
裝備賊：
10～15等－－4幸 1敏
15～40等－－3幸 2敏
之後都是4幸1敏

全幸賊：
1轉後敏捷維持25
其餘都點幸運(不管練到幾等都只點幸運而已)
主要以楓葉拳套為終生武器
不過楓拳取得不易有錢人才玩的起

What is YAML? What are its advantages over XML? Give examples on how an XML document can be represented by a YAML document.

What is YAML? What are its advantages over XML? Give examples on how an XML document can be represented by a YAML document.

YAML, “YAML Ain’t Markup Language”, is a data serialization language designed to be human-friendly and work well with modern programming languages for common everyday tasks. This specification is both an introduction to the YAML language and the concepts supporting it, and also a complete specification of the information needed to develop applications for processing YAML, from Oren, Clark and Ingy. They also mentions that, “YAML’s indentation-based scoping is similar to Python’s (without the ambiguities caused by tabs). Indented blocks facilitate easy inspection of the data’s structure. YAML’s literal style leverages this by enabling formatted text to be cleanly mixed within an indented structure without troublesome escaping. YAML also allows the use of traditional indicator-based scoping similar to JSON’s and Perl’s. Such flow content can be freely nested inside indented blocks.”

According to Oren, Clark and Ingy, the design goals for YAML are, in decreasing priority,
“Easily readable by humans”, unlike XML, the formatting of YAML does not require a lot of “<xxx>”, which is very difficult to read. It just use simple use “-, #, :, ?“ as a paragraph to define the sequence of the sources.

“YAML data is portable between programming languages and matches the native data structures of agile languages”, YAML integrates and builds upon concepts described by C, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, RFC0822 (MAIL), RFC1866 (HTML), RFC2045 (MIME), RFC2396 (URI), XML, SAX, SOAP, and JSON. It carried much more than XML.

“YAML is easy to implement and use and expressive and extensible”, XML can only implement by XSLT , or some program which specific to designed to read XML. However, YAML can easily to implement and use by the language which mentioned before.
”YAML has a consistent model to support generic tools” but XML does not

All in all, YAML is trying a more agile way than XML, XML to complete the task.

There are at least two issues that arise in representing this chess club data as XML by David. The first, and simpler, issue is exactly what the best XML representation would be in the abstract. Hhe would propose something like the following as a best attempt in XML:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<club>

  <players>

    <player id="kramnik"

            name="Vladimir Kramnik"

            rating="2700"

            status="GM" />

    <player id="fritz"

            name="Deep Fritz"

            rating="2700"

            status="Computer" />

    <player id="mertz"

            name="David Mertz"

            rating="1400"

            status="Amateur" />

  </players>

  <matches>

    <match>

        <Date>2002-10-04</Date>

        <White refid="fritz" />

        <Black refid="kramnik" />

        <Result>Draw</Result>

    </match>

    <match>

        <Date>2002-10-06</Date>

        <White refid="kramnik" />

        <Black refid="fritz" />

        <Result>White</Result>

    </match>

  </matches>

</club>

The YAML format simply matches the data structures of dynamic languages better. And it looks nicer too. Here's a YAML representation of the same chess club data:

---

players:

  Vladimir Kramnik: &kramnik

    rating: 2700

    status: GM

  Deep Fritz: &fritz

    rating: 2700

    status: Computer

  David Mertz: &mertz

    rating: 1400

    status: Amateur

matches:

  -

    Date: 2002-10-04

    White: *fritz

    Black: *kramnik

    Result: Draw

  -

    Date: 2002-10-06

    White: *kramnik

    Black: *fritz

    Result: White

There are a number of nice things about this format. The YAML Web site gives exact specifications, but this brief sample gives you a pretty accurate idea of the basic elements. The spec also includes an intuitive means of including (multi-)paragraph strings. YAML is terse, but still readable. Moreover, quoting is minimal, with data types being inferred from patterns (for example, if it looks like a date, it is treated as a timestamp value unless explicitly string quoted). You can use references to any named target. And, significantly, YAML maintains the distinction between ordered and associative collections. As an added bonus, you can very easily edit YAML in a text editor, by David.

Reference:

Oren Ben-Kiki, Clark Evans, Ingy döt Net (2001-2009), "YAML Ain't Markup Language" Retrieved from:  http://www.yaml.org

David Mertz, Alternator, Gnosis Software, Inc., "XML Matters: YAML improves on XML" Retrieved from:   http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-matters23.html

What is your vision on Web 3.0? What are the key technologies that will make it happen?

 

In 2004, Web 2.0 was coined. Today is near the end of 2010. On the other words, Web 2.0 lived with us around 6 years already. It is older than windows 98, NT, 2000. Nowaday, I think all people who accessing computer must have a experience enjoying web 2.0 services such as Wiki, RSS, Blog… So far, these services are experience is positive.

In addition, some company try platform as a service, storage as a services, services as a service… from the web browser. However, due to limitation Internet speed, and browser refreshing speed, some applications cannot be applied in cloud such as 3D Games, photo editing, movie editing… Therefore, the high refreshing rate, large files rendering is not suitable for implement in web 2.0.

According to Selena, 「Web 2.0 applications that are simple photo / video storage sites are not suitable as standalone applications for setting out eportfolios. So it looks like I will have to adapt my plans. I will probably still use one of the web 2.0 applications as a repository to archive photos. It is relatively easy to post a photo on to a site like flickr from a mobile phone. Once it is there, I will need to work out how to 『add value』 to the image so that the collection of images 『tell a story』 of how competency is acquired.」

Web 3.0 contains more feature then web 2.0. As Digitial Inspiration mention, 「Web 3.0 – This will be about semantic web (or the meaning of data), personalization (e.g. iGoogle), intelligent search and behavioral advertising among other things.」

In Web 3.0, all sites, links, media and databases can be smart, automatic transmission more meaning, for example, a Web site announces a meeting behind contains many links to related information and programs, users just click the link able to immediately log the time and place logs at work, or even sent to the relevant latitude and longitude GPS, will also immediately speaker background and information sent to the list of topics related to personnel. In the future, may have all the features we can imagine and not imagine the network to applications. I think Web 3.0 will be the same as the 2.0 mode of operation and the subversion of consumer behavior.

However, in Web 3.0, ideally there should be a help you all the details ready to complete a good package tour programs, like having a travel agency staff to help you plan the same.

Also I think it support various possible applications, Web 3.0 services will be integrated with flexible, self-help way to achieve the target, if successful, will certainly more than today's search engines, but also have commercial value, Web 3.0 is significant because in response to a search problem, rather than thousands of copies of documents may be irrelevant response, this is actually a very large business applications to bring imagination.

Actually, Web 3.0 is our imagine. The new technology is still drafting in progress. 「That's not all. Many of these experts believe that the Web 3.0 browser will act like a personal assistant. As you search the Web, the browser learns what you are interested in. The more you use the Web, the more your browser learns about you and the less specific you'll need to be with your questions. Eventually you might be able to ask your browser open questions like "where should I go for lunch?" Your browser would consult its records of what you like and dislike, take into account your current location and then suggest a list of restaurants「, mentioned by HowStuffWorks.

Reference

Selena (18 May 2006). learning elearning: Limitations of Web 2.0 applications in setting up eportfolios. Retrieved from http://www.labnol.org/internet/web-3-concepts-explained/8908/

Digital Inspiration (2004-2010). What is Web 3.0? Semantic Web & other Web 3.0 Concepts Explained in Plain English:. Retrieved from http://mportfolios.blogspot.com/2006/05/limitations-of-web-20-applications-in.html

HowStuffWorks (1998-2010).HowStuffWorks "How Web 3.0 Will Work". Retrieved from http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-30.htm

How cloud computing is related to SOA? Why Web Services standards are important to adoption of could computing?

The spirit of cloud computing is combine a machines as a super computer via network. Once your machine can access network, the server can process the things which should be run on your own PC. The server can through SOA to provide services to users. iPad is one of the products which using these cloud computing to be developed. Besides Internet function, all other function has been removed. It is because Apple believes that only access Internet, iPad can use cloud computing technology to do anything.  For example, Google Doc, the function likes open office. Also it save all the data in the server storage online. 

SOA is a one of the software developing concepts. A system should be combined with a lot of services. For each of the services, it can be run as repeat and individually in different system in order to save the time of system developing. If these services can match with cloud computing, each service can be distributed to all machines over the world. Also, these services should be classified as a Web Services. On the other hand, standardization of web services is an important topic about this. Without standardization, how the services integrated to same system?

So, developing a system which requires to integrate with these distributed services, the same protocol should be used. For example, SOAP is one of the formatting to make the communication between service and platform. It uses HTTP as a communication protocol, XML as document formatting. As a result, the services which provide between different companies can communicate with each others. This idea is excellent!

Web Services standards are key point to adoption of could computing. For cloud computer, most of them should be use in web. As a result, web services are very important. We can also say that could computing can be sum up of various of web services. As a result, application as a service is one of the examples in could computing. The application can be delivered through web browsers. It also known as Software as a service. Therefore, different web services require to adopt in same could. If there cannot adopt in same could, the data cannot be transfer from one to another services. For example, we cannot use MSN messenger to chat with Yahoo messenger user. 

However, Web Services standards hardly adopt in could computing. To get the output, input is required. If one of the services output cannot as a input of next services. SOA cannot be applied. For example, although both services are using XML format, the important point is contents of XML. The contents of the next service need to complete before providing a service it? This standard can adopt how many needs? If it applied into business system, customer uses software of company A as merchandising products order. Supplier uses software of company B as sales services. Can it accept? Who should define the order format? 

Some successfully web services can be transform they data. For example, Facebook can search your friend with using your Google account. Ebuddy, can provide a platform to do chatting with ICQ, MSN and Yahoo messenger together. Buzz can follow by twitter and plurk However, it can be only a small parts to do the cross over the services. There is seldom services can do the large web portal which combine services with various companies.

All in all, different industries have different requirements. Even in same industry, different companies have different needs and culture. Is it possible to make a standardize format? Developing the content of each document in service standard is the hardest part of SOA.